攪拌器是有機化學(xue)實驗必不可少的(de)儀器之一,它可使反(fan)(fan)應混合(he)物混合(he)得更加均勻,反(fan)(fan)應體系的(de)溫度(du)更加均勻,從而(er)有利于化學(xue)反(fan)(fan)應的(de)進行特(te)別是非均相反(fan)(fan)應。
攪拌的方法有三種:
1.人(ren)(ren)工(gong)攪拌,人(ren)(ren)工(gong)攪拌一般借助于玻(bo)棒就可以進行,
2.磁力攪拌,磁力攪拌是(shi)利用(yong)磁力攪拌器,
3.機(ji)械(xie)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌,機(ji)械(xie)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌則是利用機(ji)械(xie)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌器。
由于(yu)磁力(li)攪(jiao)拌(ban)器(qi)容(rong)易安裝,因此(ci),它可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)來進行連續攪(jiao)拌(ban),尤其(qi)當反(fan)應量比較少或(huo)在反(fan)應是在密閉條件下進行,磁力(li)攪(jiao)拌(ban)器(qi)的使用(yong)更為方便。但缺(que)點是對于(yu)一些粘稠液或(huo)是有大量固體參加或(huo)生(sheng)成的反(fan)應,磁力(li)攪(jiao)拌(ban)器(qi)無法順(shun)利使用(yong),這時就(jiu)應選用(yong)機(ji)械攪(jiao)拌(ban)器(qi)作為攪(jiao)拌(ban)動力(li)。
磁力攪拌器是利用(yong)磁(ci)(ci)場的(de)(de)(de)轉動來帶(dai)動磁(ci)(ci)子的(de)(de)(de)轉動。磁(ci)(ci)子是在一(yi)(yi)小(xiao)塊金屬用(yong)一(yi)(yi)層惰性材料(liao)(如聚四氟乙烯等(deng)(deng))包(bao)裹(guo)著的(de)(de)(de),也可以(yi)自制:用(yong)一(yi)(yi)截10# 鐵鉛絲放入細玻管(guan)或塑料(liao)管(guan)中(zhong),兩端封口。磁(ci)(ci)子的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)大約有10mm、20mm、30mm長,還有更長的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)子,磁(ci)(ci)子的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)有圓柱形(xing)、橢圓形(xing)和(he)圓形(xing)等(deng)(deng),可以(yi)根據(ju)實驗的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模來選用(yong)。
機(ji)械攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)器主要包括三部分:電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)、攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)棒(bang)和攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)密封裝置。電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)是(shi)動(dong)(dong)力部分,固定在(zai)支(zhi)架上,由調速器調節其轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)快慢。攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)棒(bang)與電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)相連(lian),當接通電(dian)源后,電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)就帶動(dong)(dong)攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)棒(bang)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)而(er)進行(xing)攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)密封裝置是(shi)攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)棒(bang)與反(fan)應(ying)器連(lian)接的(de)(de)裝置,它可以使反(fan)應(ying)在(zai)密封體系中進行(xing)。攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率在(zai)很大程度(du)上取(qu)決于攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)棒(bang)的(de)(de)結構,根(gen)據反(fan)應(ying)器的(de)(de)大小(xiao)、形狀、瓶(ping)口的(de)(de)大小(xiao)及(ji)反(fan)應(ying)條件的(de)(de)要求(qiu),選擇較為合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)攪(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)棒(bang)。